Crisis in the EU automotive industry: Can the sector remain competitive in the context of the twin transitions?
Expected publication: December 2025
This report assesses the impact of the green and digital transitions on the European Union’s automotive sector in relation to employment, skills, work organisation and working conditions. It assesses the contribution of social dialogue to addressing these challenges. The report finds that, while employment in the automotive industry (manufacturing, sales and the aftermarket) increased by 12 % between 2011 and 2023, this disguised job losses of over 7 % in the manufacturing and supplier sector between 2019 and 2023. The year of 2024 and early 2025 saw a further uptick in announced restructuring. The main losses of jobs in vehicle manufacturing were concentrated in western Europe; some of the automotive supply jobs have moved to lower-cost countries outside the EU. Electrification and digitalisation are also bringing shifts in skills profiles and requirements, particularly among highly skilled workers and jobs.
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December 2025
The twin transitions - green and digital - are reshaping key sectors in the EU, and impacting on employment, skills, working conditions and employment relations. This series of reports explores these changes in three crucial sectors: automotive, construction and tourism.
Together, these reports provide a comprehensive analysis of how the twin transitions are reshaping the landscape of these critical sectors in the EU.
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December 2025
The twin transitions - green and digital - are reshaping key sectors in the EU, and impacting on employment, skills, working conditions and employment relations. This series of reports explores these changes in three crucial sectors: automotive, construction and tourism.
Together, these reports provide a comprehensive analysis of how the twin transitions are reshaping the landscape of these critical sectors in the EU.
The hybrid workplace: Ensuring benefits for workers and organisations
November 2025
Representativeness study: Ports
November 2025
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the ports sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to participate, be consulted and have the potential to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations.
Representativeness study: Footwear
November 2025
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the footwear sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to participate, be consulted and have the potential to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations.
